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It utilized a cock-on-closing action and an unusual safety mechanism, operated by pressing in the large knurled disk at the rear of the bolt with the palm of the hand and rotating it in a 1/8 clockwise turn, which is often misunderstood by Western shooters who are used to the Mauser's thumb lever safety. Although the tests proved satisfactory, the army decided that the added recoil and larger chambering for the 7.7mm cartridge would require an entirely new rifle to be built for the cartridge. To gain the superior hitting power of the larger 7.7mm cartridge, several caliber 6.5mm Type 38 rifles were modified for the new round. The calipers on the sides are to determine the speed of the targeted aircraft.
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The flip-up anti-aircraft rear sights of a Type 99 rifle.
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In the case of a firearm, "model" is a more accurate interpretation of the Shiki (式) character, but the word "type" has become well-established by collectors for decades. In the West, Japanese equipment is commonly referred to as "Type XX", rather than "Model XX".
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The Royal Thai Army received Japanese rifles of all types after 1945 and converted some short Type 99 rifles to fire the U.S.30-06 cartridge during the early 1950s. Indonesian forces used a large number of Type 99 rifles in the fighting against the Dutch during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949), although late Japanese production was less reliable. 30-06 and 7.62 NATO as well 7.62 Russian have also been performed by civilians, often along with sporterising modifications.Īfter 1946, the Republic of China re-chambered large numbers of Type 99 rifles to fire the 8×57 IS cartridge. Accuracy suffered, due to the difference in cartridges, rifling rate and characteristics, but they were nonetheless functional. These rifles were fitted with lengthened magazine wells and had small notches cut in the top of the receivers to accommodate the. Apparently intended for the South Korean "gendarmerie", few rifles appear to have been issued at the end of the war in 1953. All of these features were abandoned by mid-war.ĭuring the Korean War, approximately 126,500 short and 6,650 long Type 99 rifles were re-chambered under American supervision at the Tokyo arsenal to fire the standard. The Type 99 was the first mass-produced infantry rifle to have a chrome lined bore to ease cleaning. The standard rifle also came with a wire monopod and an anti-aircraft sighting device. The Type 99 was produced in four versions, the regular issue Type 99 short rifle, the Type 99 long rifle (a limited production variant), the take-down Type 2 paratroop rifle, and the Type 99 sniper rifle. They are generally as crude as the 1945 dated Mauser K98k of Germany, or worse. Late war rifles are often called "last ditch" or "substitute standard" due to their crudeness of finish. As the war progressed, more and more cost saving steps were introduced in order to speed up production. However, the outbreak of the Pacific war never allowed the army to completely replace the Type 38 and so the IJA used both rifles extensively during the war. The IJA had intended to completely replace the Type 38 with the Type 99 by the end of the war. Seven arsenals were located in Japan, with the other two located at Mukden in Manchukuo and Jinsen in Korea. The Type 99 was produced at nine different arsenals. The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) developed the Type 99 based on the Type 38 rifle but with a caliber of 7.7mm. This necessitated the development of a new weapon to replace the outclassed Type 38, and finally standardize on a single rifle cartridge. JSTOR ( August 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)ĭuring the Second Sino-Japanese War in the 1930s, the Japanese soon found that the 7.7mm cartridge being fired by their Type 92 heavy machine gun in China was superior to the 6.5×50mm cartridge of the Type 38 rifle.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This section needs additional citations for verification. The Type 99 rifle Arisaka or Type 99 short rifle ( 九九式短小銃, Kyūkyū-shiki tan-shōjū) was a bolt-action rifle of the Arisaka design used by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. 30-06 Springfield (South Korean/Thai conversion)ġ,500 metres (1,600 yd) (short) with telescopic sightġ,700 metres (1,900 yd) (long) with telescopic sightģ,400 metres (3,700 yd) ( 7.7×58mm Arisaka)ĥ-round internal box magazine, stripper clip loaded A Type 99 short rifle (carbine) above a Nagant M1895 revolver